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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 41(6): 493-499, June 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-485851

ABSTRACT

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of the shared epitope (SE), the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) protection model, and the occurrence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies in RA patients from a genetically diverse population. One hundred and forty Brazilian RA patients and 161 matched controls were typed for HLA-DRB1 alleles using amplified DNA hybridized with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes or primers. Patients were stratified according to the presence or absence of SE (DRB1*0401, *0404, *0405, *0101, *1001, and *1402), of the DERAA alleles (DRB1*0103, *0402, *1102, *1103, *1301, *1302, and *1304), and X (all other alleles). Anti-CCP antibodies were measured by ELISA. The combined frequency of SE-positive alleles was significantly greater (76.4 vs 23.6 percent, P < 0.0001) than the controls. The SE/SE and SE/X genotypes were over-represented (P < 0.0001, OR = 6.02) and DERAA/X was under-represented in RA patients (P < 0.001, OR = 0.49), whereas the frequencies of the SE/DERAA, X/X and X/DERAA genotypes were not significantly different from controls. The frequency of anti-CCP antibodies was higher in SE-positive patients than in SE-negative patients (64.6 vs 44.7 percent, P = 0.03; OR = 2.25). Although the Brazilian population is highly miscegenated, the results of this study support the findings observed in most genetically homogeneous populations with RA; however, they are not mutually exclusive but rather complementary. The participation of DRB1-DERAA alleles in protection against RA was also observed (OR = 0.4; 95 percentCI = 0.23-0.68).


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Alleles , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics , Autoantibodies/immunology , Epitopes/genetics , HLA-DR Antigens/genetics , Peptides, Cyclic/genetics , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Epitopes/immunology , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , HLA-DR Antigens/immunology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Peptides, Cyclic/immunology , Young Adult
2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 47(3): 231-235, jul.-set. 2001. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-306105

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: O isolamento de leveduras na urina näo indica necessariamente infecçäo, porém a infecçäo do trato urinário por Candida constitui um problema hospitalar crescente. Neste estudo, o significado clínico da candidúria foi investigado em hospital universitário brasileiro. MÉTODOS: Em 1998, Candida spp. foi isolada na urina de 166 pacientes internados no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeiräo Preto-SP. Os prontuários médicos de 100 destes pacientes, com candidúria detectada depois de três ou mais dias de hospitalizaçäo, foram revisados sobre aspectos microbiológicos, epidemiológicos e clínicos referentes a esse episódio. RESULTADOS: C. tropicalis foi isolada em 53 por cento e C. albicans em 36 por cento dos casos. Em 76 por cento do doentes, a urocultura mostrou mais de 20.000 colônias de leveduras/mL. Doenças subjacentes crônicas, como neuropatias, cardiopatias e outras neoplasias e trauma foram freqüentes. Dos pacientes, 25 por cento tinham diabetes mellitus. Os principais fatores predisponentes associados com candidúria foram: antibioticoterapia prévia (93 por cento), sonda vesical de demora (83 por cento), cirurgia nos últimos 60 dias (48 por cento), insuficiência renal (32 por cento), infecçäo bacteriana simultânea (28 por cento) e uso de corticosteróides (20 por cento) ou imunossupressores (10 por cento). Apenas 43/100 pacientes foram tratados, 42 com fluconazol ou anfotericina B. No período de 60 dias após o episódio de candidúria, 40 por cento dos doentes faleceram. CONCLUSÖES: Na presente casuística, as espécies näo-albicans de Candida foram os principais agentes de candidúria, sendo considerados patógenos emergentes do trato urinário em pacientes gravemente enfermos. Foram, ainda, observadas doenças subjacentes, fatores de risco e alta mortalidade comumente associados com a candidíase do trato urinário


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Candidiasis , Cross Infection , Urinary Tract Infections , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil , Candida , Cross Infection , Risk Factors , Urinary Tract Infections
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